怎样用ubuntu14.04ftp架设文件共享服务器

怎样用ubuntu14.04ftp架设文件共享服务器,第1张

FTP服务器的搭建,我要实现的需求是:

  不允许匿名访问,因为我的机器不想让谁都能登录上来,随便获取文件

  需要锁定一个目录,因为在家里,我需要给媳妇下载一些** 韩剧之类的东西,媳妇会来我机器下载,但是我不想让他随意操作我的东西。

  万一删除我的配置文件,我就惨了(吐槽一下韩剧:媳妇问我,你都没看过韩剧怎么知道它不好看呢,我说:我没吃过屎 但是知道它一定不好吃!)

  另外,需要本机也能访问,因为我要做一些关于FTP的测试。

  不单独建立FTP用户,FTP也使用ubuntu桌面的用户进行登录和操作,

  我还不希望FTP开始启动。

好了 我们开始安装,很简单。

sudo apt-get install vsftpd

30秒内估计就能安装完。

下面开始配置:

首先备份配置文件。

linuxidc@ubuntu:/etc/init$ cd /etc/

linuxidc@ubuntu:/etc$ sudo cp vsftpdconf vsftpdconfold

接下来就是开始配置了,

咱们就针对需求来:

1 不允许匿名访问,因为我的机器不想让谁都能登录上来,随便获取文件,

  配置如下:

  23 anonymous_enable=NO

  2需要锁定一个目录,因为在家里,我需要给媳妇下载一些** 韩剧之类的东西,

   媳妇会来我机器下载,但是我不想让他随意操作我的东西。

   万一删除我的配置文件,我就惨了

  配置如下:

  152 local_root=/home/linuxidc/公共的/FTP共享文件

  

备注:[FTP共享文件] 这个文件夹是我新建出来的

  另外,需要本机也能访问,因为我要做一些关于FTP的测试。

  配置如下:

  26 local_enable=YES

  不单独建立FTP用户,FTP也使用ubuntu桌面的用户进行登录和操作,

  配置如下:

  120 #chroot_local_user=YES

  121 chroot_list_enable=YES

  122 # (default follows)

  123 chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpdchroot_list

  这里需要/etc/vsftpdchroot_list 这个文件,如果没有请新建:

  sudo gedit /etc/vsftpdchroot_list

  内容如下(例如我桌面的用户名为linuxidc):

duoduo

  其实就是把你的用户名写进去

  我还不希望FTP开始启动。 一会单独说!

贴出我的配置文件。

# Example config file /etc/vsftpdconf

#

# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid This sample file

# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable

# Please see vsftpdconf5 for all compiled in defaults

#

# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options

# Please read the vsftpdconf5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's

# capabilities

#

#

# Run standalone vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone

# daemon started from an initscript

listen=YES

#

# Run standalone with IPv6

# Like the listen parameter, except vsftpd will listen on an IPv6 socket

# instead of an IPv4 one This parameter and the listen parameter are mutually

# exclusive

#listen_ipv6=YES

#

# Allow anonymous FTP (Disabled by default)

anonymous_enable=NO

#

# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in

local_enable=YES

#

# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command

write_enable=YES

#

# Default umask for local users is 077 You may wish to change this to 022,

# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)

#local_umask=022

#

# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files This only

# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated Also, you will

# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user

#anon_upload_enable=YES

#

# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create

# new directories

#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES

#

# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they

# go into a certain directory

dirmessage_enable=YES

#

# If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time

# in your local time zone The default is to display GMT The

# times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this

# option

use_localtime=YES

#

# Activate logging of uploads/downloads

xferlog_enable=YES

#

# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data)

connect_from_port_20=YES

#

# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by

# a different user Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not

# recommended!

#chown_uploads=YES

#chown_username=whoever

#

# You may override where the log file goes if you like The default is shown

# below

#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpdlog

#

# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format

# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case

#xferlog_std_format=YES

#

# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session

#idle_session_timeout=600

#

# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection

#data_connection_timeout=120

#

# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the

# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user

#nopriv_user=ftpsecure

#

# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests Not

# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial) Not enabling it,

# however, may confuse older FTP clients

#async_abor_enable=YES

#

# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore

# the request Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII

# mangling on files when in ASCII mode

# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service

# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode vsftpd

# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the

# raw file

# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol

#ascii_upload_enable=YES

#ascii_download_enable=YES

#

# You may fully customise the login banner string:

ftpd_banner=Welcome to linuxidc's FTP service

#

# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses Apparently

# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks

#deny_email_enable=YES

# (default follows)

#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpdbanned_emails

#

# You may restrict local users to their home directories See the FAQ for

# the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or

# chroot_list_enable below

#chroot_local_user=YES

#

# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home

# directory If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of

# users to NOT chroot()

# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous If using chroot, make sure that

# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the

# chroot)

#chroot_local_user=YES

chroot_list_enable=YES

# (default follows)

chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpdchroot_list

#

# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls This is disabled by

# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large

# sites However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume

# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it

#ls_recurse_enable=YES

#

# Customization

#

# Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by

# default

#

# This option should be the name of a directory which is empty Also, the

# directory should not be writable by the ftp user This directory is used

# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem

# access

secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty

#

# This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use

pam_service_name=vsftpd

#

# This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL

# encrypted connections

rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoilpem

# This option specifies the location of the RSA key to use for SSL

# encrypted connections

rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoilkey

#

local_root=/home/linuxidc/公共的/FTP共享文件

现在可以重启FTP了。

linuxidc@ubuntu:/etc$ sudo service vsftpd restart

vsftpd stop/waiting

vsftpd start/running, process 303

OK 看到这些 证明配置文件没有问题,FTP启动了

下面直接访问FTP 看看:

linuxidc@ubuntu:/etc$ ftp 127001

Connected to 127001

Welcome to linuxidc's FTP service

Name (127001:linuxidc): duoduo

Please specify the password

Password:

OOPS: vsftpd: refusing to run with writable root inside chroot()

Login failed

Service not available, remote server has closed connection

ftp>

居然报了一个500的错误

vsftpd: refusing to run with writable root inside chroot()

。其实这里是需要特殊说明的,原因出在这里

120 #chroot_local_user=YES

121 chroot_list_enable=YES

122 # (default follows)

123 chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpdchroot_list

我们用

chroot_list_enable=YES 和 chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpdchroot_list配合使用,使得只有在vsftpdchroot_list中配置的用户才能登录FTP。

对于这要的配置有一个特殊的要求,就是vsftpdchroot_list里面配置的用户,对于前面local_root配置的目录不能有写的权限!

也就是/home/linuxidc/公共的/FTP共享文件 这个文件夹 对于linuxidc这个用户不能有写的权限,

我们为了额操作方便可以这么做:

sudo chown -R root:root /home/linuxidc/公共的/FTP共享文件/

这样,linuxidc这个用户对于/home/linuxidc/公共的/FTP共享文件没有写权限了,

现在重启FTP 重新登录看看:

linuxidc@ubuntu:/etc$ ftp 127001

Connected to 127001

Welcome to linuxidc's FTP service

Name (127001:linuxidc): duoduo

Please specify the password

Password:

Login successful

Remote system type is UNIX

Using binary mode to transfer files

ftp>

OK FTP 好了 可以登录了

但是我刚才 sudo chown -R root:root /home/linuxidc/公共的/FTP共享文件/ 这个操作

还带来了一个麻烦。就是FTP共享文件在我桌面登录时,不能任意复制粘贴操作文件了,但是我还要必须保持linuxidc用户对[FTP共享文件]

这个文件夹不可写。这该怎么办呢?

其实很简单,

cd /home/linuxidc/公共的/FTP共享文件

sudo mkdir FTPFILES

sudo chown -R linuxidc:duoduo FTPFILES

这样 就保持了 FTP共享文件 文件夹linuxidc用户不可写,但duoduo用户用可以在桌面登录时任意操作文件了,只不过此时的随意范围在FTPFILES文件夹范围呢了。

这样基本FTP服务基本搭建完成了。

对了 忘记了一点。就是不让FTP服务开机启动。操作如下:

linuxidc@ubuntu:/etc/init$ cd /etc/init/

linuxidc@ubuntu:/etc/init$ sudo cp vsftpdconf vsftpdconfold

编辑配置文件

sudo gedit /etc/init/vsftpdconf

将#start on runlevel [2345] or net-device-up IFACE!=lo 修改为start on runlevel [345] 如下:

#start on runlevel [2345] or net-device-up IFACE!=lo

start on runlevel [345]

stop on runlevel [!2345]

这次重启FTP 重启系统 彻底完成。

你好,

首先,ubuntu server版本的安装这里就不再赘述,基本的还是三个步骤,首先是下载镜像,然后使用ultraISO刻录至u盘,最后通过U盘引导进行安装。安装过程中,会要求你输入用户名和密码,一定要牢记,因为后续软件的安装都需要密码。

然后,login进入系统之后,开始进行用户界面的安装。首先输入如下命令:

sudo apt-get install xinit。

上述安装完毕之后,再安装环境管理器。本人亲测安装的是GNOME。使用如下命令安装:

sudo apt-get install gdm

然后,安装桌面环境。本人亲测安装的是KUbuntu。安装命令如下:

sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop

网上有人还说要安装一些必要的包,如新立得软件包管理器,中文支持等,如果你嫌麻烦,可以不进行安装。上述安装完毕之后,直接重启。重启完成后,再进入系统,便是图形界面了,

samba这个是让你共享文件的,就是说如果你局域网中既有win10又有linux,而且想要共享文件系统的话,那么就使用这个samba服务器也可以说是软件,它可以让不同的平台共享文件系统,非常好用,除此之外,它可以让linux上面的打印机成为打印机服务器,这个软件对于整个局域网的贡献是很大的。

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